VERBOS IRREGULARES

1. Formas básicas

Los verbos irregulares ingleses tienen tres formas básicas cuya morfología es idéntica a la de los verbos regulares:

 

INFINITIVO	(to) begin
PRESENTE (tercera persona del singular)	begins
PARTICIPIO PRESENTE	begining

 

Las formas básicas derivadas del presente(3s) y del participio presente siguen las reglas de formación de los verbos regulares.

 

Sin embargo, los verbos irregulares ingleses tienen otras dos formas básicas derivadas que no siguen las reglas de formación de los verbos regulares:

 

PASADO	began
PARTICIPIO PASADO	begun

 

Si consideramos las tres formas del enunciado de los verbos irregulares (infinitivo, pasado y participio pasado), puede ocurrir que las tres sean iguales (tipo AAA), que dos de ellas sean iguales (tipos AAA, ABA, ABB) o que todas sean distintas (tipo ABC).

 

AAA	cut, cut, cut	cortar
AAB	beat, beat, beaten	golpear, pegar, vencer
ABA	run, ran, run	correr, transportar
ABB	buy, bought, bought	comprar
ABC	show, showed, shown	mostrar, exhibir

 

Algunos verbos irregulares tienen formas regulares e irregulares que pueden tener el mismo o distinto significado. Unos pocos verbos tienen más de una forma irregular.

 

2. Listado de verbos irregulares

abide	abode abided	abode abided	aguantar, soportar
arise	arose	arisen	producirse,surgir
awake	awoke awaked	awoke awaked	despertar
be	was, were	been	ser, estar
bear	bore	borne	portar, soportar
-	-	born	nacer (ser nacido)
beat	beat	beaten	golpear, pegar, vencer
become	became	become	convertirse
befall	befell	befallen	suceder
beget	begot	begotten	engendrar
begin	began	begun	empezar, comenzar
behold	beheld	beheld	contemplar
bend	bent	bent	doblar, torcer
bless	blest blessed	blest blessed	bendecir
blow	blew	blown	soplar
break	broke	broken	romper, interrumpir
breed	bred	bred	criar, engendrar
bring	brought	brought	llevar, traer, provocar
broadcast	broadcast	broadcast	emitir, radiar
build	built	built	edificar, construir
burn	burnt burned	burnt burned	arder, quemar
burst	burst	burst	estallar, reventar
bust	bust busted	bust busted	romper, estropear
buy	bought	bought	comprar
can	could	-	poder
cast	cast	cast	tirar, arrojar
catch	caught	caught	coger, agarrar
chide	chid chided	chid chidden chided	reprender
choose	chose	chosen	escoger, elegir
cleave	cleft clove cleaved	cleft cloven cleaved	partir, rajar
cling	clung	clung	adherirse, pegarse
clothe	clad clothed	clad clothed	vestir
come	came	come	venir
cost	cost	cost	costar, valer
creep	crept	crept	arrastrarse, reptar
crow	crowed	crowed	cacarear
cut	cut	cut	cortar
deal	dealt	dealt	repartir
deepfreeze	deepfroze deepfreezed	deepfrozen deepfreezed	congelar
dig	dug	dug	cavar, excavar
dive	dove dived	dived dived	sumergirse
do	did	done	hacer, actuar
draw	drew	drawn	atraer, dibujar, provocar
dream	dreamt dreamed	dreamt dreamed	soñar
drink	drank	drunk	beber, tomar
drive	drove	driven	conducir, manejar
dwell	dwelt dwelled	dwelt dwelled	residir, insistir
eat	ate	eaten	comer, consumir
fall	fell	fallen	caer, disminuir
feed	fed	fed	alimentar
feel	felt	felt	sentir, tocar
fight	fought	fought	luchar
find	found	found	encontrar, descubrir
flee	fled	fled	huir
fling	flung	flung	lanzar, tirar
fly	flew	flown	volar, pilotar
forbear	forbore	forborne	contenerse
forbid	forbade	forbidden	prohibir
forecast	forecast	forecast	pronosticar, prever
foresee	foresaw	foreseen	prever
foretell	foretold	foretold	predecir, presagiar
forget	forgot	forgotten	olvidar
forgive	forgave	forgiven	perdonar
forgo	forwent	forgone	renunciar, privarse
forsake	forsook	forsaken	abandonar, dejar
freeze	froze	frozen	helar, congelar
get	got	got gotten	conseguir,resultar
gild	gilded gilded	gilt gilded	dorar
gird	girt girded	girt girded	ceñir
give	gave	given	dar, entregar
go	went	gone	ir
grind	ground	ground	moler, triturar
grow	grew	grown	cultivar, crecer
hamstring	hamstrung	hamstrung	romper las corvas
hang	hung hanged	hung hanged	colgar, inclinar
have	had	had	haber, tener
hear	heard	heard	oir, sentir, escuchar
heave	hove heaved	hove heaved	tirar, empujar, levantar
hew	hewed	hewn	picar, cortar
hide	hid	hid hidden	esconder
hit	hit	hit	golpear, dañar
hold	held	held	sostener, agarrar, coger
hurt	hurt	hurt	doler, dañar
inset	inset	inset	insertar
keep	kept	kept	guardar, conservar
kneel	knelt kneeled	knelt kneeled	arrodillarse
knit	knit	knit	hacer punto, tricotar
know	knew	known	saber, conocer
lade	laded	laden	cargar
lay	laid	laid	poner, colocar
lead	led	led	dirigir, mandar, guiar
lean	leant leaned	leant leaned	apoyarse, inclinar
leap	leapt leapped	leapt leapped	brincar, saltar
learn	learnt learned	learnt learned	aprender, saber
leave	left	left	dejar, salir, abandonar
lend	lent	lent	prestar
let	let	let	dejar, permitir, alquilar
lie	lay	lain	yacer, acostarse
light	lit lighted	lit lighted	iluminar
lose	lost	lost	perder, perderse
make	made	made	hacer, fabricar, crear
mean	meant	meant	significar
meet	met	met	encontrar, reunir
melt	melted melted	molten melted	derretir, fundir
miscast	miscast	miscast	asignar mal
misdeal	misdealt	misdealt	repartir mal
mishear	mishear	mishear	oir mal
mislay	mislaid	mislaid	extraviar, perder
mislead	misled	misled	despistar, engañar
misspell	misspelt misspelled	misspelt misspelled	escribir mal
misspend	misspent	misspent	malgastar, desperdiciar
mistake	mistook	mistaken	equivocarse
misunderstand	misunderstood	misunderstood	comprender mal
mow	mowed mowed	mown mowed	segar
offset	offset	offset	compensar
outbid	outbid	outbid	ofrecer más que
outdo	outdid	outdone	exceder
outgrow	outgrew	outgrown	sobrepasar
outrun	outran	outrun	sobrepasar, aventajar
outshine	outshone	outshone	eclipsar
overbid	overbid	overbid	ofrecer más que
overcome	overcame	overcome	vencer, superar
overdo	overdid	overdone	excederse, exagerar
overeat	overate	overeaten	atracarse
overfeed	overfed	overfed	sobrealimentar
overhang	overhung	overhung	sobresalir
override	overrode	override	anular, invalidar
oversee	oversaw	overseen	vigilar
overshoot	overshot	overshot	excederse
oversleep	overslept	overslept	dormir demasiado
overtake	overtook	overtaken	adelantar, sobrepasar
overthrow	overthrew	overthrown	derribar, derrocar
partake	partook	partaken	participar, compartir
pay	paid	paid	pagar, rentar
plead	pled pleaded	pled pleaded	alegar, rogar
prove	proved proved	proven proved	probar, demostrar,
put	put	put	poner, colocar
quit	quit quitted	quit quitted	dejar, abandonar, irse
read	read	read	leer, estudiar
rebind	rebound	rebound	atar de nuevo
rebuild	rebuilt	rebuilt	reconstruir
recast	recast	recast	refundir
redo	redid	redone	rehacer
relay	relaid	relaid	retransmitir
remake	remade	remade	rehacer
rend	rent	rent	partir, rajar
repay	repaid	repaid	pagar, devolver
reread	reread	reread	releer
rerun	reran	rerun	repetir, reponer
reset	reset	reset	recomponer, reiniciar
restring	restrung	restrung	encordar de nuevo
retell	retold	retold	volver a contar
rethink	rethought	rethought	volver a pensar
rewind	rewound	rewound	rebobinar
rewrite	rewrote	rewritten	volver a escribir
rid	rid ridded	rid ridded	librarse
ride	rode	ridden	montar, cabalgar
ring	rang	rung	sonar, tocar el timbrerung
rise	rose	risen	levantarse, subir
rive	rived rived	riven rived	sajar, partir
run	ran	run	andar, correr
saw	sawed sawed	sawn sawed	serrar
say	said	said	decir
see	saw	seen	ver, comprender
seek	sought	sought	buscar
sell	sold	sold	vender
send	sent	sent	enviar
set	set	set	poner, colocar
sew	sewed sewed	sewn sewed	coser
shake	shook	shaken	agitar, temblar
shave	shaved	shaven shaved	afeitar, rasurar
shear	shore sheared	shorn sheared	esquilar
shed	shed	shed	derramar
shew	shewed	shewn	(v.show)
shine	shone shined	shone shined	brillar
shoe	shod shoed	shod shoed	herrar, calzar
shoot	shot	shot	disparar, fusilar
show	showed showed	shown showed	mostrar, exhibir
shred	shred shreded	shred shreded	desmenuzar, triturar
shrink	shrank	shrunk	encoger, retroceder
shut	shut	shut	cerrar
sing	sang sung	sung	cantar
sink	sank sunk	sunk	hundir, sumergir
sit	sat	sat	sentarse
slay	slew	slain	matar
sleep slide	slept slid	slept slid	dormir deslizarse, resbalar
sling	slung	slung	lanzar, arrojar
slink	slunk	slunk	escabullirse
slit	slit	slit	rajar, cortar
smell	smelt smelled	smelt smelled	oler, olfatear
smite	smote	smitten	golpear, castigar
sow	sowed sowed	sown sowed	sembrar, esparcir
speak	spoke	spoken	hablar, decir
speed	sped speeded	sped speeded	acelerar, darse prisa
spell	spelt spelled	spelt spelled	deletrear, escribir
spend	spent	spent	gastar, consumir
spill	spilt spilled	spilt spilled	derramar, verter
spin	span spun	spun	hilar, girar
spit	spit spat	spit spat	escupir
split	split	split	partir, rajar
spoil	spoilt spoiled	spoilt spoiled	estropear, deteriorar
spread	spread	spread	extender, divulgar
spring	sprang sprung	sprung	brotar, saltar
stand	stood	stood	permanecer, soportar
stave	stove staved	stove staved	rechazar, romper
steal	stole	stolen	robar, hurtar
stick	stuck	stuck	pegar, fijar, hincar
sting	stung	stung	picar, escocer
stink	stank stunk	stunk	apestar, oler mal
strew	strewed strewed	strewn strewed	esparcir, derramar
stride	strode	stridden strode	andar a zancadas
strike	struck	struck stricken	golpear, atacar, hacer huelga
string	strung	strung	encordar, ensartar
strive	strove strived	striven strived	esforzarse, luchar
swear	swore	sworn	jurar, declarar
sweat	sweat sweated	sweat sweated	sudar
sweep	swept	swept	barrer
swell	swelled swelled	swollen swelled	hincharse, aumentar
swim	swam swum	swum	nadar
swing	swung	swung	oscilar, columpiar
take	took	taken	tomar, coger
teach	taught	taught	enseñar
tear	tore	torn	rasgar, despedazar
telecast	telecast	telecast	televisar
tell	told	told	decir, contar, comunicar
think	thought	thought	pensar, creer
thrive	throve thrived	thriven thrived	florecer, prosperar
throw	threw	thrown	tirar, arrojar, lanzar
thrust	thrust	thrust	meter, empujar
tread	trod	trodden trod	pisar
unbend	unbent	unbent	enderezar
unbind	unbound	unbound	desatar
underbid	underbid	underbid underbidden
undercut	undercut	undercut	vender más barato
underfeed	underfed	underfed	infraalimentar
undergo	underwent	undergone	sufrir, experimentar
underlie	underlay	underlain	estar debajo de
underpay	underpaid	underpaid	malpagar
undersell	undersold	undersold	malvender
understand	understood	understood	comprender, entender
undertake	undertook	undertaken	acometer, emprender
underwrite	underwrote	underwritten	asegurar, garantizar
undo	undid	undone	deshacer, anular
unfreeze	unfroze	unfrozen	descongelar
unmake	unmade	unmade	deshacer
unwind	unwound	unwound	desenvolver
uphold	upheld	upheld	sostener, apoyar
upset	upset	upset	volcar, transtornar
wake	woke waked	woken waked	despertar
waylay	waylaid	waylaid	acechar, detener
wear	wore	worn	usar, vestir
weave	wove weaved	woven weaved	tejer
wed	wed wedded	wed wedded	casarse
weep	wept	wept	llorar
wet	wet wetted	wet wetted	mojar, humedecer
win	won	won	ganar, conseguir
wind	wound	wound	enrrollar, envolver
whithdraw	whithdrew	whithdrawn	retirar, sacar
whithhold	whithheld	whithheld	retener, negar, ocultar
whithstand	whithstood	whithstood	resistir, aguantar
wring	wrung	wrung	torcer, retorcer
write	wrote	written	escribir, redactar